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PAUL VERNON CHESTER

Manouche Maestro


Charlie Christian's Guitars

Gibson ES-150

Charlie Christian used a Gibson ES-150 guitar plugged in to a Gibson EH-150 amplifier to create history. It’s a humble rig by the standards of of today;  but then today’s electric guitarists have Gibson and Christian to thank for proving what this instrument, and a great player, could do.

According to interviews in Peter Broadbent's Charlie Christian: The Seminal Electric Guitarist, Minton's manager, Teddy Hill, bought an EH-150 amp and a bar-pickup equipped ES-150 guitar (similar to the one from Christian's early Goodman days) to keep at the club for his use (more on this later). Check out Charlie Christian - Live Sessions At Minton's Playhouse on the Jazz Anthology label to hear why his playing and the sound of the ES-150 through an EH-150 amp continue to thrill and inspire listeners and players the world over, as they have since 1939. And while his playing surely could have transcended his equipment, the fact he used an EH-150 for a good portion of his career guarantees the model a place in the Vintage Guitar Amplifier Hall Of Fame.
Christian died of TB in 1942 aged 25.

Listen to any of the famous Django 1949 'Rome Sessions' or the 1950 recording with Andre Ekyan - Reinhardt makes both Grappelli and saxophonist Andre Ekyan sound dated. By this time Django was going exclusively for an electric sound. Ironically it was during this period that he fitted an electric bar pickup to his Maccaferri, and was able to produce a cleaner more archtop type sound from his beloved Selmer Maccaferri. Indeed he once referred to the electric guitars in America as "tinpots". But he wanted the electric/archtop voice power and obviously went out of his way to find it.


Gibson ES-250

Christian played almost exclusively Gibson ES guitars. There is one shot of him with an early Vega with the Rickenbacker-style pickup, but I guess he was a Gibson fan. It may have been that he liked the fat, warm sound of the pickup in the neck position, as most all other companies had their pickups closer to the bridge, rendering a brighter tone and less sustain. Charlie liked that warm sustain for those horn lines. I am sure he was heavily courted by Gibson to continue using their guitars, but I believe that if he had not liked them he would have switched. The fact that Gibson had built him a special L-5 with a Charlie Christian pickup at a time when they were moving away from it to the new P-90 style would suggest that that was the tone he wanted.

The guitar was finished and delivered to New York just prior to Charlie’s death and ended up with Tony Mottola.

Charlie Christian's ES-250 - The logo is quite low and nearly sets on top of the D and G ferrules. It had a two-piece carved back instead a pressed laminated one.  The Factory Order number, which indicated it was from 1942, but this guitar was shipped to Charlie Christian on April 19, 1940

 

 

 

 

Gibson ES-250a.JPG

 


The Charlie Christian Pickup consists of a coil of copper wire wound around a black plastic bobbin.

The coil has a rectangular hole in its centre, and the coil and bobbin fit around a chrome-plated steel blade polepiece.

Attached at right angles to the bottom of the polepiece are a pair of five-inch-long (13 cm) steel bar magnets, which remain out of sight inside the instrument.

These magnets are secured to the top of the ES-150 by the three bolts visible on the guitar's top. The entire assembly is about six inches (15 cm) long, and weighs nearly two pounds (900 g).

There were three different varieties of Charlie Christian pickup produced by Gibson, and all three are distinguished by the polepiece: 

Retro Source

  1. The first of these was produced from 1936 until mid-1938 and had a plain blade polepiece. The coil was wound to about 2.4 kΩ resistance using AWG 38 enamelled wire.
  2. The second type was introduced on ES-150s built from mid-1938 onward, and featured a polepiece that had a notch cut out below the second (B) string. This modification was made to lower the volume of the B string, which sounded significantly louder than the other strings. At this time the coil was wound with a finer wire (AWG 42) resulting in more turns and an approximately 5.2 kΩ resistance, which gave the pickup a higher output.
  3. The third pickup was available on the Gibson ES-250, which was available beginning in 1939. The blade on this pickup had five notches, each located between the strings. This pickup also had a more compact internal design. It featured a cobalt steel slug that was small enough to sit directly under the pickup.

The sound this pickup produced is clear—thanks to the narrow string-sensing blade—and powerful because of the relatively high resistance of the coil. Uneven magnetic flux within the steel magnets could cause some distortion in the signal. Electromagnetic hum was a big problem with these pickups because of their large surface area and utter lack of shielding.


Gibson EH-150 Amplifier was also used by Django and having looked at the interior wiring shots its a marvel that our man was not electrocuted mid solo flight.

The EH-150 amp cabinet was covered in "Aeroplane cloth", luggage tweed, with contrasting vertical brown stripes. A black perforated aluminium grille protects the ten inch "Ultrasonic High Fidelity Reproducer" speaker. Later Gibson would often affix red stickers onto the back of speakers with the printed text "Ultrasonic Speaker". Especially during the '60s and '70s. Chassis were mounted at the bottom of cabinets.  The features of the early EH-150 amp include one input for microphone and three inputs for instruments, separate volume controls for the microphone and instruments sections, a bass-tone expander switch, and an "Echo" extension speaker jack.

For the microphone input stage of the early EH-150 one 6F5 tube (high mu triode) was used and one half of an 6N7 (dual high mu triode) to provide gain for the instruments input and the second half to a second gain stage for both input stages, one 6C5 tube (medium mu triode) to serve as a third gain stage and a transformer to split the phase of the amplified signal into two 6N6 output tubes (direct-coupled power triodes. One 5Z3 rectifier tube was also used.

Gibson 1936 EH-150 Demo

EH-150 Detail Shots

Amplifiers of the day were just as basic as the early electric guitars, if not more so. The EH-150 had in fact arrived before the ES-150 guitar, as partner to Gibson’s EH-150 lap-steel guitar (these were actually Gibson’s first genuine electric guitars, and the amplifier retained the lap steel’s “Electric Hawaiian” designation). The EH-150 originally carried a single 10" speaker (later a single 12") and was powered by a truly archaic circuit design, and now-obsolete preamp and power tubes, but it was an impressive beast for the mid ’30s. Even when the circuit had evolved a few years later to employ 6L6 output tubes, the amp still only produced around 15 watts at best, but that 15 watts sounded pretty darn loud next to any acoustic-only rhythm guitarist hacking away in the rhythm section, so these amps were enough to unleash the guitarist as soloist on the big-band stages of the day.

This hollowbody Archtop guitar with Period case and matching EH-185 Amplifier made its debut in 1939.

The following year the Gibson catalogue made the proclamation, “Gibson has created the best electric guitar possible to make.”

It became a favourite of bluesman T-Bone Walker, who turned to it extensively during the ’40s and ’50s.

Charlie Christian, Alvino Rey and Tony Mottola also fell for the instrument. Based on the ES-150 but with several bold upgrades, the ES-250 featured a larger body, refined fingerboard and snazzier accoutrements like deluxe headstock, tuners and tailpiece.

Perhaps its defining characteristic is its bar pickup with six mini blades that performed as separate polepieces for each string (now known as the “Charlie Christian pickup”).

This was a short-lived model.  Jazz guitar pioneer Charlie Christian owned two of the 70 that Gibson made. It featured the bar pickup that many jazz players still think is the best jazz pickup that Gibson ever made.

It was superseded by the ES-300, which featured Gibson’s first adjustable-pole pickup,  This was the Electric Guitar that Django used when touring with Duke Ellington but with a strange Hybrid Amplifier.

 

Gibson EH-185 Amplifier - Vintage Pre War Gibson Amp Demo

Christian used two of these amps one plain brown and one as illustrated.

 


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Last modified: 13/09/2011